Doctor’s Note: Your Essential Guide to Phototherapy
Phototherapy uses the power of light to treat psoriasis, eczema, vitiligo, and more! We'll explore how phototherapy works, its benefits, potential side effects, and what you can expect during treatment.
Watch the video to the right, or read a summary below!
What is Phototherapy?
UVB phototherapy, also called narrowband UVB therapy, uses a special type of light called ultraviolet B (UVB) to reduce inflammation in the skin. UVB light is naturally found in sunlight, but in this therapy, doctors use only the part of UVB light that helps treat skin problems. During treatment, the skin is exposed to controlled amounts of UVB light. This can help reduce inflammation, slow down skin cell growth, and improve symptoms of long-term skin conditions.
UVB therapy can be done in clinics, dermatology offices, or even at home with equipment prescribed by a doctor. The treatment usually takes just a few minutes, depending on the condition being treated and the patient’s skin type.
How UVB Phototherapy Works
UVB phototherapy helps by decreasing inflammation in the skin. When the skin is exposed to UVB light, it can calm down the overactive immune response that causes redness, swelling, and itching. This helps reduce the inflammation seen in conditions like psoriasis and eczema, making the skin feel and look better.
The most common type of phototherapy is narrowband UVB. This treatment uses a small range of UVB light (311–313 nm), which makes it safer and more effective with fewer side effects. This specific range of light has been shown to be the best for treating skin conditions and carries a lower risk of burning.
Why not just use a tanning bed? While both phototherapy and tanning beds involve UV light, they serve entirely different purposes. Phototherapy uses carefully controlled doses of UVB light to treat skin conditions, targeting only the outer layers of skin to reduce inflammation. Tanning beds, on the other hand, primarily use UVA light, which penetrates deeper and increases the risk of skin cancer. Phototherapy is designed to heal the skin, not tan it, making it a safer and more effective option for managing conditions like psoriasis and eczema.
Types of Phototherapy
Office-Based Phototherapy
Conducted in a dermatologist’s office, this type of phototherapy uses specialized equipment to deliver precise doses of ultraviolet (UV) light. It’s ideal for those who require monitored and controlled treatment for conditions like psoriasis, eczema, and vitiligo.
Home-Based Phototherapy
For convenience, home-based phototherapy units are available for patients who need frequent treatments. These units are designed to be safe and effective, allowing you to receive therapy in the comfort of your home under the guidance of your dermatologist.
Conditions Treated by Phototherapy
Phototherapy is often used to treat skin conditions like psoriasis, eczema, vitiligo, and some types of dermatitis. It can also help with certain kinds of itching and other inflamed skin issues. Talk to a healthcare provider to see if phototherapy is a good option for your condition.
Psoriasis
Psoriasis is an autoimmune condition that causes red, scaly patches on the skin. UVB phototherapy reduces the thickness and redness of the plaques.
Eczema
Eczema causes itchy, inflamed skin. UVB therapy can help reduce the inflammation and improve the skin’s appearance, which may relieve itching and discomfort.
Vitiligo
Phototherapy stimulates melanocytes, the cells that produce pigment, helping to restore color to the skin.
Itching
Phototherapy can also help with generalized itching, even if there’s no rash. It’s important to consult your doctor to see if this treatment is right for you.
Benefits of UVB Phototherapy
UVB phototherapy offers many benefits, making it a helpful treatment for managing chronic skin conditions.
Non-Invasive and Painless: UVB phototherapy is non-invasive, meaning it doesn’t require surgery, injections, or medications. The sessions are painless and typically quick, making them convenient for most patients.
Effective for Chronic Conditions: For those with chronic skin conditions like psoriasis, eczema, or vitiligo, UVB phototherapy provides significant relief. Many patients notice improvements in their symptoms after a few weeks of regular treatment.
Drug-Free Option: UVB phototherapy is a drug-free alternative for patients who prefer to avoid oral or topical medications. It is safe for long-term use under medical supervision.
Minimal Systemic Side Effects: Unlike some medications that can affect the whole body, UVB phototherapy targets just the skin. This reduces the risk of systemic side effects, making it a safer option for a wider range of patients, including those with complex medical histories.
Vitamin D Boost: Exposure to UVB light during therapy can help increase vitamin D levels, which is beneficial for overall health.
Patient Satisfaction: Many patients love UVB phototherapy! It’s warm and cozy. Believe it or not, sometimes patients are disappointed when it’s time to stop their treatment!
Is UVB Phototherapy Right for You?
UVB phototherapy is generally safe and effective, but it’s not right for everyone. Before beginning treatment, you should discuss the following considerations with your dermatologist:
Skin Type: Patients with fair skin may be more sensitive to UV light, which could increase the risk of side effects. Your doctor will adjust treatment based on your skin type and tolerance.
Medical History: UVB phototherapy may not be suitable for patients with a history of skin cancer, lupus, or other conditions affected by UV exposure. Discussing your full medical history with your dermatologist helps them assess any potential risks.
Treatment Goals: If your goal is to manage chronic symptoms and reduce flare-ups, UVB phototherapy may be a good fit. However, it may not be ideal if you’re looking for a quick fix, as it can take several weeks to see results.
Time Commitment: UVB phototherapy requires regular sessions, often two to three times a week, especially at the beginning. Some patients find it challenging to maintain this schedule. It’s usually performed Monday-Wednesday-Friday.
What to Expect During UVB Phototherapy
Before starting UVB phototherapy, your dermatologist will check your skin and go over your medical history to make sure the treatment is right for you. Once you're cleared, you'll usually have sessions two to three times a week.
During each session, you'll enter a phototherapy booth that looks like a stand-up tanning bed. You'll need to wear protective goggles and may have to cover other sensitive areas. The length of each session depends on your skin type, the condition being treated, and how well you handle the UVB light. At first, sessions are usually short, lasting just a few minutes, and they will get longer as your skin gets used to the treatment.
After the treatment, your skin might feel warm or look a little red, like a mild sunburn. These effects usually go away as your skin adjusts to the therapy. Your dermatologist will keep an eye on how your skin responds and may adjust the treatment if needed.
Before Treatment
Don’t apply lotion. Wear loose, comfortable clothing. Remove all jewelry. Undress to your comfort level. Wear protective eyewear. Be consistent with what you wear/don’t wear.
After Treatment
Moisturize regularly, use only gentle skincare products, and follow all care instructions closely.
Risks and Side Effects of UVB Phototherapy
While UVB phototherapy is safe, it can cause side effects, especially if used too much or incorrectly. Some common side effects include:
Skin Redness and Sunburn-Like Symptoms: It’s normal to feel mild redness or a burning sensation, especially early in treatment. These symptoms usually go away over time.
Itching and Dryness: Some people may experience dry or itchy skin after UVB phototherapy. Using moisturizer regularly can help reduce these effects.
Temporary Tanning or Darkening of Skin: UVB phototherapy might cause some tanning or darkening of the skin in treated areas. This effect is usually temporary.
Risk of Skin Cancer with Long-Term Use: Using UV light for a long time can increase the risk of skin cancer. Dermatologists keep a close eye on patients receiving UVB therapy, often scheduling regular skin checks for those using the treatment long-term.
Despite these risks, UVB phototherapy remains a safe option when administered by a trained professional. Patients who follow their dermatologist's recommendations and adhere to scheduled follow-ups significantly reduce the risk of serious side effects.
Home UVB Phototherapy
For patients who need long-term phototherapy, home UVB phototherapy units are available. These units can be more convenient and cost-effective over time, but they need to be used carefully with guidance from a dermatologist.
Your dermatologist may suggest a home phototherapy unit if your condition is stable and you’ve been following your in-office treatments well. They will give you instructions on how to set the exposure time and manage any side effects. Home units come in different sizes, including small hand-held devices for treating small areas or full-body units for larger areas.
Home phototherapy is a good option for people who can’t go to a clinic often, but it’s important to use the equipment carefully to avoid overexposure or side effects.
Be sure to check with your insurance provider about coverage for “Durable Medical Equipment (DME).” The most popular companies for prescription home phototherapy are National Biologic + SolRx!